Engine pressure actuated injector



Aug. l5, 1950 E. H.. KING 2,518,901

ENGINE PRESSURE ACTUATED INJEcToR Filed JanQ 15. 1945` h vk "E N N Q1 i si "Sr Fayard/UQ@ y /WW f @0&@5'

Patented Aug. 15, 1950 v p 2,518,901 n ENGINE PRESSRE Ao'ruATEn nvJEo'ron f Edward H. Kin, oak Park, n1. `Application January 15, 1345, Serial No. 572,880"

, UNITED] szrarizsv PATENT 'I'his invention relates to an injector'for Diesel engines, and its primary object is-to provide a new and novel injector of improved form and employ the compressionof vthe cylinder tov inject fuel into the cylinder.

Another vimportant object of the invention is to provide a Diesel engineinjector of new and improved construction having novel means to adjust the stroke of the injector to effect throttle control. Y

A further object of thev invention is to provide a new` and novel arrangement of parts, constructedin a particular manner and adapted for proper operation in accordancewith a predetermined sequence of cylinder operation.

Numerous other objects and advantages will be apparent throughout the progress of the specication which follows.

The accompanying drawings` illustrate a selected ,embodiment of the invention, and the views therein are as follows:

. Y Fig. 1 detail diagrammatic k,or schematic sectional View of a cylinder of a Diesel engine to which the injector of the( invention is applied, the view showing the positions of the valves and piston during the intake stroke;

Figs. 2 to 4, inclusive, are views similar to Fig. 1 but corresponding to the respective positions the parts assume during the compression, power and exhaust strokes; and

Figs. 5 to 8, inclusiva'are detail vertical, sectional viewsof the improved injector, the views AThe injector I is adapted to be secured ope-r-r atively, preferably inthe 'top of a 'Dieselfe'ngine 2, the same being mountdin a tubular wall part 3 of the cylinder head 4 and'concentrically positionedjwith respect to the enclosing- Walls 5 `of a cylinder B. A cylinderv piston I of the conventional type is mounted for vertical reciprocation inthe cylinder 6, the piston 'I beingls'hown with a dome-shaped top 8 Va'rniihaving piston rings- 9.

Valves III of the usual type for the usual purposes are 'operativelymounted in the cylinder head of each piston, 'and-*these valves are operated thev conventional manner and in the usualse- 4 claims. (C1. zas-107.2)

Y: cylindrical casing or housingIZ which is adapted I,

quence to conform with 2 the positions of thel'pis; tons. The pistons have the usual piston rodsfII which are operatively connected to a crankshaft in any conventional, desirable manner.

The injector I, Figs. 5 to 8, comprises an outer to be mounted in the upstanding cylindricalmotor extension3 in any suitable mannen-such as` bya press fit. A supporting plug I3 is adapted ,to be mounted in the casing I2 in `any desirable manner,.the plug I3 being herein shown as having I4 engaging an interiorly exterior threads threaded part I5 of the housing., Almet'ering pin Iiiv extends through a central bore I'I in the plug I3 and projectsinto a. .chamber I8 at the bottom of the casing `or housing I2.

The exterior upper part of the metering pin I6 may be provided With threads I9 whichl engage cooperating threads 2B of the bore I1, whereby vertical, `adjustable movement of the pin I6,in`

Ythe plug I3 may be had. The upper end of the purpose intended.

pin I6 projects outwardly of the top off the plug I3 and is operatively connected` to operating means 2|, which may be of any desired construction and arrangement to effect adequately the A slidable operatingmember or valve 22 is mounted in the chamber, I8 and has co-operation` with the metering pin I6 so as to meter properly' a supply of fuel, such as oil, and to permit the fuel to be sprayed, in atomized condition into the Diesel cylinder. Thisvvalve `LZ2 is" `slidably mounted in the chamber I8 and,` with the vinside' of the walls of the housing, I2, has sldable movement.

l The valve member 22 is provded'with a central l .biore 23 into which jthe'metering stem I6 projects, the valve member 22 beingadapted to have vertical, slidable movement onthe stem I6. A coi1 spring 2li 'isrpr'ovided for4 urging the valve member normally downwardly, there being an annular recess' provided about theQloWer end of Vthe plug I3 and the upper endo'f the? valve member 22 to receive said spring, 'l f The valve member 23 is provided'w'ith an an- ;nular recess'25 intermedia'teits ends, as clearly disclosed in Figs. 5 to 8. This recess 25 forms a` chamber for receiving the fueLthere" being a fuel line 25 formed in the walls 'ofi'thefcasing or housing I2 to supply fluid to the annular irecess 25,. The upper end of the fuel line 2G terminates into Va connection 2'Iv 'which' leads toV a" suitable supply ofV fuel, suchas oil.' The bore 23`in the valve 22 terminates into la restricted tapering end 28 forming a nozzle through Whch the atomized fuel is forced into the cylinder. The restricted opening 28 communicates with a passage or reservoir 29, the passage or reservoir 29 in the valve member 22 communicating with the vannular recess or chamber 25. fuel oil which comes in through the opening 21 will pass through the passage 26 and into the annular recess or chamber 25, Where it will be received -.into. the-passage or,` reservoir f 29 and forced outiofthe restricted nozzle end4 28. The 10 bottom 30 of the -housing I2 is provided with a central opening 3| through which the fuel from-` the nozzle 28 passes. The opening 3| is of such size as to insure the opening---of-'ftheavalve-.222- to a predetermined position when the-piston. ar-.15

rives at a lpredeterl'nined position in its cylinder, whereby the valve willbefeshifitedfratthe proper time with respect to the ignition.. If the..A opening 3| is relativelysmall, the movement of" the valve 22 is delayed suiiciently to provide cor- 20 The-lower end Lofthefineter-ingpini i6 fis provid'edaivith'` a conical1 end"32 which' conforms geni erally to the sl'opingside'walls of lthenozzlepart'f plete'ly,` shut' oifbyjthe tapering lendy 32""of' the metering spin? The rmetering-pin-'l 6 isE lals'oprovided with'zarecess 33*which*extends-thereabout in:an inclinedlplane and'is adapted tomake'communication "between a 'line v3|! "and the part v-351 :of 30 the fuel. passage' orreservoirA 29; #wherebyfthefuelinzthe Yannular' recess' Aorfchamber 2'5 `may be 'directed tothe nozzle `28:' Fig'r discloses the valve* 22".1'nlowered jposition wherebyi fuel inthe recess. or chamber 25 Ainayflow*through the line `Beg'- 35 through the recess.33 inthemetering pin; and* into' vthe line or reservoir 29 where-fit Awi-ll collect' in the .inclined nozzle .part `2i'l,"so*that 'when-the valve member .22"is. in raised vposition; as shown` ir.Fig.j6,"the .fuel collected Yin the nozzle end 28 I 40 willlloe sprayedvzoutxbf the .nozzle opening'ts'and' into. the -cylidenf The slidableyalvle 22 `s` therefore provided,` permittingfuel .tubev collected. in the inclined 'ori-r .nce 28 ofthe bore 23, when the .valve member' 22. 4irs-in -its..lowermost. position, `as indicated in Fig...5.. The valve member-22,"when in its 'raised position v.asshown in Fig. 6,'will cause the' collected fuelY in .the .restrictedV nozzlelpart 28 Itoi bev `forced out, of theaperture .36',a's clearlyshovm` inFig. 50

berv 22,;as shown in.f.Fig...5,.whereuponfueliwill 60 passinomthe supply connection 2 1., through l the linefleintothe annularrecessror compartment. 25. The fuel in the chambers-25 .willrthene 116W- through the..line:34.=and part anof-thewpassage orrreservoir .29.1-and-thencollect in theY cylindrical.. 65

nozzle enden,...

The :next cycleof operation includes thecom-l pressionstroke,:whereupon the .piston 1 will riseL upwardly im the' cylinder,v with f both valves li! mentinof: the piston,-w.lwhich comprises the.. com-- pressionwstrokesf will. causesethe `Vspring 24: jfto. .be compressed .somewhat; .whereby the rva-lve .22 willV befaraised-fbytheecompression ,inathe cylinder, as

Therefore, 5

33 in the metering pin I6 will be out of engagement with the line 34 and the part 35 of the fuel line or reservoir 29, whereupon the fuel which is collected in the inclined side walls of the nozzle part 28 will be forced out through the orifice 36 and sprayed in atomized form into the top of the cyinder. The compression will therefore cause the fuel to become ignited, and an explosionfwill-occur, whereupon thefpiston will move downwardly, which issthe next cycle of operation and which constitutes the power stroke of 'the piston.

The power stroke permits the parts to be maintained irl-their relative position, as shown in .Fig 7, andthe valves I0 will be in closed position, as shown in Fig. 3, which is the same position as posite valve'l 0 .will be open," as 'shown in;Fig; 4."

The ezhaustwill alsopermit the-spring V21| to return to its'normal position, causing the valve member 22 to again move to "the'bott'om'iof its downward travel; as shown in.Fig;i8,"whereupon the annular feed aperture-33 of the metering pinV i6 'will .be inu communication; .With the 'reservoir 29,th`e same position as 'shownin Fig.' 5,'` where thevarious cycles .of operation may be repeated.. The upward movement of 'the .valve member `22 is limited .by.the'engagement lof 'its upper end with an `enlargement Y3'| "formed, on the metering.

pin i'immediatelybelow'the threads |9' It will be noted that 'the opening at the end ofthe nozzle part is' quite small'and the viscosity7 of the fuel as wellas its surface y.tensionwilfprevent the fuel from flowing Yout of ori-ce 3E merely by gravity.. Likewise, ,thei fuel will ,not `flo`wthroughA the orice SS'durin'g. the suction stroke because the .suction createdbythe piston is insufficient to .overcome lthe Ainherent nature .of the.

fuelv to 4remain in. the .nozzle part... Furthermore, thev fuel willf.not be .pushed Ybaek'throug'h. the device during the exhauststrokebecausethe orifice 36 is so smallthat alarge .pressure drop will. occur. across itfandwillllprevent thisaction.

The .means-.2|v .are .adapted .to .be Iof any. typev capable of performing a radiusmovementof the pin. I5, whereby .a greater or. less amount offfuel maybe clisclfiarged,` depending upon. the position of the metering pin.. When .the metering pin .is

raised, a greater amountoffuel is adapted to flow through the aperture 36,'but when the metering pin is lowered, Ithenasmaller amountof uid is available. f Themeansfor. effecting-the rotationof this-pin'isiadaptedto beathrottlecontrol for` effecting 1.agreater` or. lesser .amountfof fuel as. the motor. speedis to be increased or. decreased. TheV valve Vmember may. be'provided with seal Vrings 38, andthe topof the plug-.maybe provided- ,withV toolreceving .openings-39 to 5permit-the `plug to-be-applied .or removed from its support.

Theinvention-provides an exceedingly-.effectiveand,.eflcientinjector motor control by the compression of the. cylinder-for .-eifecting, in the proper sequence;V the atomization of fuel into the cylinder chamber. The. parts are lstrong and durable in construction-and maybe readily and economicallymanufactured.

l The-inventionis shown-asapplied to one cylinder only ofaDiesel engine,I which-may com- :prise several cylinders-.f Each ofthe several cylinders,c however, will `be--equpped vwith-.the same shown in Fig. 6, in which position the feed orilce 75'injector element, and the operating means 2| Will be operatively connected so that the piston and each cylinder will operate properly in its proper sequence.

Changes may be made in the form, construction and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit of the invention or sacricing any of the advantages thereof, and the right is hereby reserved to make all such changes as fairly fall within the scope of the following claims.

The invention is hereby claimed as follows:

1. An injector member adapted for use on a Diesel engine and comprising a casing, a valve slidable in the casing and having a. central bore terminating into a discharge orice, a plug in said casing and having -a central bore therein in alignment with the rst named bore, a metering |pin adjustably mounted in thesecond named bore and extending into the first named bore, said pin having an end for cooperation with the discharge orice, said valve member having a recess therein forming a fuel chamber, a fuel passage in the valve leading from the chamber to the central bore in the vlave member, a second fuel passage leading from the bore in the 1.;

valve to the discharge orifice, and a recess in the pin adapted to make communication between said passages when the valve is in a predetermined position.

\ 2. An injector member adapted for use on a Diesel engine and comprising a casing, a valve slidable in the casing and having a central bore terminating into a discharge orifice, a plug in said casing and having a central bore therein in alignment with the first lnamed bore, a metering pin adjustably mounted in the second named bore and extending into the first named zbore, said pin having an end for cooperation with the discharge orifice, said Valve member having a recess therein forming a fuel chamber, a fuel passage in the valve leading from the chamber to the central bore in the valve member, a second fuel passage leading from the bore in the valve to the discharge orifice, anda recess in the |pin adapted to make communication between said passages when the valve is in a predeter- `mined position, said casing having a fuel passage therein leading to said chamber.

3. An injector member adapted for use on a Diesel engine and comprising a casing, a valve slidable in the casing and having a central bore terminating into a discharge orifice, a plug in said` casing and having a central bore therein in alignment with the first named bore, a metering pin adjustably mounted in the second named bore and extending into the first named bore,

said pin having an end for cooperation with the orifice, said valve member having a recess therein forming a fuel chamber, a fuel passage in the valve leading from the chamber to the central bore in the valve member, a second fuel passage leading from the bore in the valve to the orifice, a recess in the pin adapted to make communication between said passages when the valve is in a predetermined position, said casing having a fuel passage therein leading to said chamber, seal rings on the valve to make -a seal between the casing and valve, screw threads on the pin and plug to permit Vertical movement of the pin in the plug, means connected to the pin to eifect rotative movement thereof, spring means between the plug and Valve, and screw threads on the plug and casing, said casing having an opening :in its bottom through which the fuel is dischargedfrom the orice. Y

4. An injector for injecting fuel into a motor cylinder and comprising a casing, a valve member slidably mounted in the casing, a metering pin fastened through said valve member, said valve member having a groove formed exteriorly thereabout and forming a chamber, a fluid inlet through the casing in communication with the lchamber, there being a fluid reservoir in the valve member and a fluid line leading from the chamber to the reservoir, a passage carried by the Vpin and adapted to permit communication between the reservoir and the last named fluid line when the valve member is in a predetermined position with respect to the pin, said pin preventing communication when the valve member is not in the said predetermined position, said reservoir terminating into a tapering end having an aperture, said pin having a tapered end for discharging fluid gathered in the tapered end of the reservoir during movement of the valve member in a predetermined direction.

EDWARD H. KING.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,349,515 Lombard Aug. 10, 1920 1,622,266 Ake Mar. 29, 1927 2,037,702 Butler Apr. 21, 1936 2,135,925 Tuscher Nov. 8, 1938 2,197,944 Raven Apr. 23, 1940 2,211,496 Davidson, Jr. Aug. 13, 1940 2,230,920 Wirtsen Feb. 4, 1941 2,371,787 Ward Mar. 20, 1945 

